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The Sopwith 1½ Strutter was a British one or two-seat biplane multi-role aircraft of the First World War.〔Lake 2002, p. 40.〕 It is significant as the first British-designed two seater tractor fighter, and the first British aircraft to enter service with a synchronised machine gun. It was given the name "1½ Strutter" because of the "one-and-a-half" (long and short) pairs of cabane struts supporting the top wing. As well as serving with both British air services, it also saw widespread but rather undistinguished service with the French ''Aéronautique Militaire''. ==Design and development== In December 1914, the Sopwith Aviation Company designed a small, two seat biplane powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome rotary engine, which became known as the "Sigrist Bus" after Fred Sigrist, Sopwith's Works Manager. The Sigrist Bus first flew on 5 June 1915, and although it set a new British altitude record on the day of its first flight, only one was built, serving as a company runabout.〔Bruce 1982, p. 499.〕〔Jarrett 2009, p. 56.〕 The Sigrist Bus formed the basis for a new, larger fighter aircraft, the Sopwith LCT (Land Clerget Tractor), designed by Herbert Smith, powered by a 110 hp (82 kW) Clerget engine. Like the Sigrist Bus, each of the upper wings (there was no true centre section) was connected to the fuselage by a pair of short (half) struts and a pair of longer struts, forming a "W" when viewed from the front, this giving rise to the aircraft's popular nickname of the 1½ Strutter.〔 The first prototype was ready in mid-December 1915,〔〔Bruce 28 September 1956, p. 544.〕 undergoing official testing in January 1916. The 1½ Strutter was of conventional, wire braced, wood and fabric construction. The pilot and gunner sat in widely separated tandem cockpits, with the pilot sitting in front, giving the gunner a good field of fire for his Lewis gun. The aircraft had a variable incidence tailplane that could be adjusted by the pilot in flight, and airbrakes under the lower wings to reduce landing distance.〔〔Jarrett 2009, pp. 56, 8.〕 The Vickers-Challenger synchronisation gear was put into production for the Royal Flying Corps in December 1915,〔Bruce 28 September 1956, p. 543.〕 and in a few weeks, a similar order for the Scarff-Dibovski gear was placed for the RNAS.〔Bruce 5 October 1956, p. 586.〕 Early production 1½ Strutters were fitted with one or the other of these gears for the pilot's fixed .303-in Vickers machine gun; due to a shortage of the new gears some early aircraft were built with only the observer's gun. Later aircraft were either fitted with the Ross or the Sopwith-Kauper gears.〔Bruce 1957, p. 542.〕 None of these early mechanical synchronisation gears were very reliable and it was not uncommon for propellers to be damaged, or even entirely shot away. The Scarff ring mounting was also new and production was at first slower than that of the aircraft requiring them. Various makeshift Lewis mountings as well as the older Nieuport ring mounting, were fitted to some early 1½ Strutters as an interim measure.〔Bruce 1957, pp. 542—543.〕 The two-seaters could carry four 25 lb (11 kg) bombs underwing, which could be replaced by two 65 lb (30 kg) bombs for anti-submarine patrols.〔Jarrett 2009, p. 59.〕 From the beginning a dedicated light bomber version was planned, with the observer's cockpit eliminated to allow for more fuel and bombs to be carried in the manner of the Martinsyde Elephant and the B.E.12, with an internal bomb bay capable of carrying four 65 lb (30 kg) bombs.〔〔Bruce 2000, p. 6.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sopwith 1½ Strutter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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